Isiqulatho
1. Imvelaphi yeshishini kunye nengxaki
2. Uhlalutyo lwezona zizathu ziphambili zokuqhekeka kwentetho
3. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yedatha
4. Izisombululo kunye nokutsha kwezobuchwepheshe
5. Impembelelo yemarike kunye neendlela ezizayo
6. Isihlomelo: Itheyibhile yedatha yophando lweshishini
1. Imvelaphi yeshishini kunye nengxaki
Amavili esandla esiqinileyozizinto eziphambili zokusebenza kwizixhobo zoshishino, izixhobo zonyango, oomatshini bokutya kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye ukuthembeka kwabo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zokusebenza. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, ngokuphuculwa kokwenziwa komatshini wokuzenzela, imakethi yehlabathi eyomeleleyo yamavili ezandla iye yaqhubeleka ukukhula (ekulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$1.23 yebhiliyoni ngo-2024, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-4.8%). Nangona kunjalo, ukophuka okuthethiweyo kwenzeka rhoqo, okukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwexesha lesixhobo, ukunyuka kweendleko zokulungiswa, kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Eli nqaku lidibanisa uphando lobugcisa kunye neenkcukacha zemarike ukuhlalutya nzulu izizathu zokuqhekeka kunye nokuphakamisa izikhokelo zokuphucula.
2. Uhlalutyo lwezona zizathu ziphambili zokuqhekeka kwentetho
Ngeemeko zophononongo kunye novavanyo lwaselabhoratri, oyena nobangela wokwaphuka unokushwankathelwa kwezi ndidi zintlanu zilandelayo:
2.1 Iziphene zezinto eziphathekayo (ibalelwa kwi-32%)
Sulfide inclusions: The excessive sulfur content (>0.013%) kwiintsimbi ezisezantsi -ezinje nge-Q235PL zikhokelela kwi-embrittlement yomda wengqolowa kunye nokunciphisa ukudinwa.
Ukuphathwa kobushushu obungafanelekanga: Ulwakhiwo lwe-metallographic ngaphakathi kwintetho alulingani, kwaye umahluko wokusabalalisa ubulukhuni bungaphezu kwe-15%.
Imeko: Emva kokuba umzi-mveliso wamavili utshintshe i-Q235PL nge-BG380CL, izinga lokwaphuka lehle nge-47%.
2.2 Iziphene kuyilo (ibalelwa kwi-25%)
Ubukhulu obungalinganiyo: Umahluko wobunzima phakathi komphetho kunye nehabhu udlula i-30%, kwaye uxinzelelo lokupholisa lugxininiswe.
Irrational spoke layout: The spoke crossing angle is too large (>I-60℃), kwaye ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo phantsi komthwalo oguquguqukayo akulingani.
Idatha: Emva kokuphucula uyilo lomngxuma othethayo, ubomi bohlobo oluthile lwevili lesandla bonyuswe ukuya kwiiyure ezingaphezu kwama-8,000.
2.3 Imiba yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso (ibalelwa kwi-20%)
| Iikhonkco zenkqubo | Amanqaku omngcipheko | Impembelelo |
| Ukupholisa okupholisayo | Akukho mngxuma ekugxilwe kuwo ubekelwe bucala | Izinga lokucutheka kwangaphakathi linyuke nge-12% |
| Unyango lomphezulu | Ukugquma okungonelanga kokuchama (<85%) | Uxhathiso kukonakala kwehle ngama-30% |
| Ukunyamezelana kweNdibano | Ukutenxa okuthethiweyo kokulayisha kwangaphambili ±15% | Uxinzelelo lwengingqi ngaphezulu-kumda wokwenzeka kunyuke ngama-40% |
2.4 Ukusetyenziswa kokusingqongileyo kunye nolondolozo (15%)
Ukonakala: Kwimo engqongileyo eshushu nefumileyo, ipleyiti ethethiweyo yokugalela ubunzulu obuyi-0.5mm inokubangela iintanda zokudinwa.
Ukugqithiswa: Xa umthwalo oguqukayo udlula ixabiso lokuyila ngamaxesha angama-1.5, umngcipheko wokuphuka ukhula ngokukhawuleza.
2.5 Ufakelo nokugcinwa ngendlela engafanelekanga (8%)
Ufakelo olungalunganga: Ukungaphumeleli ukuqinisa iibholithi ngokulandelelana kwediagonal kukhokelela kuxinzelelo olungalinganiyo.
Ulondolozo olulahlekileyo: I-80% yabasebenzisi ayijongi rhoqo ukulayisha kwangaphambili okuthethiweyo.
3. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yedatha
3.1 Isixhobo sezonyango kwingozi yokwaphuka kwevili lesandla
Imvelaphi: Ivili lesandla lomatshini we-CT esibhedlele lathetha laphuka, libangela ukuvalwa okungxamisekileyo.
Uhlalutyo: Izinto ezithethiweyo zaziyi-304 yensimbi engenasici engazange ihlangabezane nomgangatho, kwaye i-stress corrosion cracking (SCC) yenzeke kwindawo ye-chloride ion corrosion.
Ilahleko: Iindleko zokulungisa i-82,000 yuan, iiyure ezingama-48 zexesha lokuphumla zichaphazele uhlolo lwe-300.
3.2 Ukusilela kwevili lesandla serobhothi yoshishino
Idatha: Ukulandelela iirobhothi ezingama-50 zemodeli efanayo kufumanise ukuba:
Isantya sokuqhekeka: i-18% yezandla zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-3% kuphela kwi-handwheels edibeneyo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho: Ukusebenzisa-amandla e-aluminium alloy spokes aphezulu, iindleko zomjikelo wobomi zincitshiswe ngama-26%.
4. Izisombululo kunye nokutsha kwezobuchwepheshe
4.1 Indlela yoPhuculo lweMathiriyeli
| Uhlobo lwezinto | Amandla okuqina (MPa) | Ukumelana nokubola | Isalathiso seendleko |
| Q235PL | 420 | Phantsi | 1 |
| I-BG380CL | 580 | Phakathi | 1.8 |
| I-6061-T6 i-aluminium ingxubevange | 310 | Phezulu | 2.5 |
| Imathiriyeli yeCarbon fiber composite | 850 | Phezulu kakhulu | 4.2 |
4.2 Isicwangciso sokuphucula inkqubo
Ukuchithwa okuchanekileyo: iteknoloji ye-vacuum degassing isetyenziselwa ukulawula umxholo wokubandakanywa ngaphantsi kwe-0.005%.
Ulungelelwaniso lobukrelekrele: Yazisa izinzwa zoxinzelelo ukujonga ukuguquguquka okuthethiweyo kwangaphambili ngexesha lokwenyani (impazamo<±3%).
4.3 Iingcebiso zengcaciso yoyilo
I-Spoke layout: I-angle yokuwela ilawulwa kwi-30℃-45℃ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Ukutyeba: Umlinganiselo we hub{0}}rim ubukhulu awugqithi ku-1:1.2, kwaye ummandla wotshintsho wamkela uyilo lwearc.
5. Impembelelo yemarike kunye neendlela ezizayo
Utshintsho kulwakhiwo lweendleko: Umyinge weendleko zemathiriyeli unyuke ukusuka kwi-45% ukuya kwi-60%, kodwa ukwehla kwezinga lokungaphumeleli kwehlise iindleko zizonke.
Umhlaba okhuphisanayo: I-ELESA, i-NBK kunye nezinye iinkampani eziphambili zikhawulezisa uyilo lwamavili ezandla adibeneyo, kwaye isabelo semakethi kulindeleke ukuba sifike kwi-38% ngo-2024.
Ukuqhuba komgaqo-nkqubo: Umgangatho we-EU EN 16740 uquka ubomi bokudinwa obuthethayo njengesalathisi esisinyanzelo sesiqinisekiso.
6. Isihlomelo: Itheyibhile yedatha yophando lweshishini
| Iimpawu | Idatha ye-2022 | 2024 Uqikelelo | izinga lokukhula |
| Ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi (iibhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika) | 11.2 | 12.3 | 4.80% |
| Uthethe izinga lesikhalazo sokwaphulwa | 22% | 17% | -23% |
| Isabelo sesicelo se-compost | 12% | 28% | 133% |
| Izinga lokungena kwenkqubo yokuhlola ekrelekrele | 8% | 35% | 337% |
Isiphelo:
Ingxaki yee-spokes ezaphukileyo zamavili ezandla eziqinileyo kufuneka ziphuculwe kwimilinganiselo emine: izinto, ukuyila, inkqubo kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokwaziwa kwezinto eziphezulu{1}}zezixhobo zamandla kunye nobuchwephesha bokubeka iliso obukrelekrele, ishishini liza kuguqulela ekuthembekeni okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude. Amashishini kufuneka akhawulezise ukuphindaphindwa kwetekhnoloji ukuze amelane nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko lwamashishini kunye nokhuphiswano lwentengiso.
